The term "philosophy" is often used in a rather vague way, but a philosopher is someone who studies knowledge--that is, her subject is not the acquisition of knowledge, but the study of knowledge as a topic. So one of the first modern philosophers, Rene Descartes, asked "how do I know I exist?" Gottfried Leibniz tackled the concept of God as the necessary being, and also asked in his Theodicy, if God is omnipotent and benevolent, why do evil things happen? Both were trying to construct, from fairly basic assumptions such as the reliability of human reason, a system of knowledge. One lasting legacy that philosophy has given us--whatever you think of the likes of Leibniz and Descartes--is the ability to think clearly about thought.